Phase Shift Antennas and Beam Steering

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Phased Array Antenna

A phased array antenna consists of a number of radiators, each with its own beam pattern. These radiators are arranged in an array to achieve high directivity. These type of antennas are commonly used in older radar sets.

The frequency of a beam from the antenna field is transmitted serially to all radiators in the array. During reception, these reflected signals are combined and fed to each radiator. This method of beam steering can be a simple function of the frequency or be a digital beamforming system.

Beam Steering with a phase shift

The main beam from the antenna field is then steered electronically by a signal from a phase shifter. The amplitude of the signal from a single radiator depends on the phase shift applied to the radiator.

The phase shift is generated by a pair of orthogonal light waves, each with plane-polarized electric vectors that are mutually perpendicular to each other. The size of the phase difference between these two waves determines whether they produce a linear or elliptical polarized light wave.